Protecting Kids from
Choking, Suffocation, and Strangulation
Small children have small
airways that can be blocked very easily. Every year, nearly 700 children die
from unintentional suffocation, strangulation or entrapment, and at least
another 150 die from foreign-body airway obstruction — choking on food, toy
parts or other small objects. In addition, an estimated 900 cases each year
suspected to be Sudden Infant Death Syndrome are actually cases of suffocation
by soft bedding. Babies and toddlers under age 3 are especially vulnerable to
suffocation because they cannot lift their heads or escape from tight places.
Like most injuries,
unintentional choking, suffocation and strangulation occur mostly in the home.
Three out of five cases of infant suffocation involve bedding, and most choking
incidents in children involve food. Parents and caregivers should be especially
cautious with small, round foods such as hot dogs, candies, nuts, grapes,
carrots and popcorn. Other common choking hazards include coins, small balls and
balloons. Suffocation hazards, in addition to bedding, include plastic bags and
entrapment in poorly ventilated spaces such as laundry machines, car trunks and
toy chests.
SAFE KIDS offers these
precautions against choking, strangulation and suffocation:
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Supervise.
There is no substitute for
active supervision. Pay attention to product labels. If a toy is labeled ages
3 and up, that doesn't refer to the child's intelligence or maturity — it
means a younger child could choke to death on small parts.
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Test small objects in your
child's surroundings.
If an object can fit through a standard 1½-inch toilet
paper tube or a store-bought small parts tester, don't let your child play
with it.
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Remove drawstrings from
children's clothing and remove bike helmets while using playground equipment. In
the past 20 years, at least 22 children have been strangled by drawstrings in
clothing, mostly as a result of drawstrings getting tangled in playground
equipment.
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Install safety tassels for
the ends of curtain pulls,
or cut the loops at the end. Since 1991, the cords of
window blinds or curtains have strangled at least 130 children.
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Inspect your baby's crib.
A safe crib has
no more than 2 3/8 inches of space between slats, is not placed near a window
and does not have anything hanging above it on a ribbon or string longer than
seven inches. Kids under 6 should not sleep in the top bunk of a bunk bed, and
the bed frame and guardrails should not be more than 3.5 inches apart.
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Avoid thick, soft bedding for
babies and toddlers.
To reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,
always lay babies down
on their backs to sleep until they know how turn themselves over.
Finally, the best thing a
parent or caregiver can do to prevent choking is learning CPR and first aid for
airway obstruction. If your airway is blocked, you are going to die. Infant and
child CPR classes are available from local hospitals, fire departments and
recreation departments. In less than three hours, parents can learn effective
skills that can make the difference between life and death for a choking child.
Protect Your Most Precious Cargo—Your Child
“She’ll
stop crying if I hold her on my lap." “We’re only going to the grocery store
down the block." “He’s sick and needs comforting.” "She's hungry."
Do any of these quotes sound
familiar? They’re all common reasons parents give for not putting their children
in appropriate child safety seats or safety belts. Unfortunately, unrestrained
or improperly restrained children are far more likely to suffer severe injuries
or die in motor vehicle mishaps than properly restrained children. In fact,
motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death among children at every
age after their first birthday. Even if you are a careful driver, you can’t
control other driver’s behaviors or eliminate the possibility of a crash. And
the forces that occur during a crash will make it impossible for you to “just
hold on” to your child.
According to the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration, child safety seats reduce the risk of
death in passenger cars by about 70 percent for infants, and by about 55 percent
for toddlers ages one to four.
The NHTSA recommends
booster seats for children over 40 pounds until at least age 8. For children 9
years and older, car seatbelts reduce injury risk by about 50 percent.
Unfortunately, many parents, unknowingly, incorrectly install car safety seats
or improperly restrain their children. Here are some tips to help ensure your
child is properly restrained while riding in your motor vehicle.
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Infants should ride in rear-facing seats as long
as possible, at least until they are 12 months of age and weigh at least 20
pounds. The seat's harness strap should be routed through the harness slots
that are at, or slightly below, the child’s shoulder level. When fastened, the
harness clip should be snug and at armpit level. The seat should be inclined
at a 45-degree angle and securely fastened in place, using a locking clip, if
needed, to prevent movement.
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Children over one year of age and who weigh
between 20 and 40 pounds should be placed in forward-facing child safety
seats. The seat's harness strap should be routed through the harness slot at,
or slightly above, shoulder level. Keep the harness straps snug and flat. When
fastened, the harness clip should be at armpit level. The seat should be in an
upright position and securely fastened to prevent movement. If the seat moves
more than one-inch left to right or back to front, it’s too loose. In order to
get a tight fit between the child restraint system and the vehicle seat, put
your weight into the restraint system to compress the vehicle seat while
tightening the seat belt as much as possible.
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Children over 40 pounds should be placed in a
booster seat. There are different types of booster seats available on the
market. Depending on your child’s weight and height, you may need a
high-back-style booster seat to properly protect your child.
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By around age 8, children can move to regular lap
and shoulder belts. However, some vehicle restraint systems may not properly
fit children weighing less than 80 pounds and who are less than 4 feet, 9
inches tall. In these instances, you may need to continue using a booster seat
to properly protect your child.
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Regardless of the child restraint system used,
all children ages 12 years and younger should ride in the back seat. This
eliminates the injury risk from deployed front passenger-side airbags, and
places children in the safest part of the vehicle in the event of an accident.
Riding in the back seat is associated with a 46 percent reduction in the risk
of fatal injury in cars with a front passenger-side airbag and at least a 30
percent reduction in the risk of fatal injury in cars with no front
passenger-side airbag.